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Metronidazole

Metronidazole

The antibiotic with the alcohol warning people actually need to follow.

Infection

Flagyl, Zidoval, antibiotic gel

Explained by a GMC-registered GP, not a leaflet

Honest about what we can and cannot prescribe remotely

Side effects given the same weight as benefits

Your NHS records in the room, with your consent

Clinically reviewed by Dr Mohammad Khan · Last reviewed

August 30, 2026

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A 20-minute appointment with a GMC-registered GP for £40. Same-day appointments are usually available, 6am to 10pm, seven days a week.

Private GP care led personally by Dr Mohammad Zubair Khan, GMC 7563469.

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Same-Day Appointments
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Blood Tests
Menopause & HRT
Weight Management
Mental Health
Specialist Referrals
Same-Day Appointments
Sick Notes
Private Prescriptions
Blood Tests
Menopause & HRT
Weight Management
Mental Health
Specialist Referrals

What it is

Metronidazole works against anaerobic bacteria — those that thrive without oxygen — and against certain protozoa. It is taken up by these organisms and converted into compounds that break their DNA.

Human cells and normal aerobic bacteria do not perform that conversion, which is what makes it selective.

That narrow spectrum is useful: it targets the organisms causing bacterial vaginosis, dental abscesses and gut infections while leaving much else alone.

What it is used for

  • Bacterial vaginosis — by tablet or vaginal gel
  • Trichomoniasis, where partners need treating too
  • Dental infections and abscesses, alongside dental treatment
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease, as part of combination treatment
  • Clostridioides difficile infection
  • Giardiasis and amoebiasis, including travel-acquired
  • Rosacea, as a topical gel

How to take it

The alcohol rule

Do not drink alcohol during the course or for 48 hours afterwards. The combination can cause flushing, throbbing headache, vomiting and palpitations — a genuinely unpleasant reaction.

The evidence for this effect is more debated than the warning suggests, but the reaction is reported often enough, and is unpleasant enough, that following the advice is straightforward and sensible. It also applies to alcohol in mouthwash and some medicines.

Dose

  • 400mg three times daily for five to seven days is typical
  • Bacterial vaginosis: seven days by tablet, or five nights of vaginal gel
  • Take with or after food to reduce nausea
  • Complete the course

Need this reviewed or prescribed?

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Side effects

Common

  • A persistent metallic taste — characteristic and harmless
  • Nausea, loss of appetite
  • Furred tongue, mouth soreness
  • Dark urine, which is harmless

Less common

  • Headache, dizziness
  • Peripheral neuropathy — numbness or tingling in hands and feet — with prolonged or repeated courses. This should be reported, as it can persist
  • Thrush, following treatment

Not suitable if

  • You have had a reaction to metronidazole before
  • You are in the first trimester of pregnancy — high doses are avoided, though treatment is used where necessary
  • You have a serious neurological condition, where prolonged use is avoided

Breastfeeding is usually manageable, though it can affect the taste of milk. The vaginal gel produces far lower blood levels than tablets and is often preferred.

Interactions and monitoring

  • Alcohol — the interaction described above
  • Warfarin — the INR rises significantly; monitoring is essential
  • Lithium — raised levels and toxicity risk
  • Phenytoin and ciclosporin — raised levels
  • Disulfiram — avoid together

No routine monitoring for a short course, other than INR checks for anyone on warfarin. Repeated or prolonged courses prompt review for nerve symptoms.

Can we prescribe this?

Yes, for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis where the picture is clear, and for dental infection pending dental treatment.

Bacterial vaginosis has a characteristic history — a thin grey-white discharge with a fishy odour, often worse after sex, and typically without itching or soreness. That pattern is distinctive enough to treat on history.

Itching and soreness point instead to thrush, and a different treatment. Getting that distinction right is most of the consultation.

For dental infection: antibiotics buy time, they do not treat the tooth. Dental treatment is what resolves it, and we will say so plainly.

Cost and supply

Metronidazole tablets are a cheap generic and a private course usually costs less than the England NHS prescription charge.

Vaginal gel costs considerably more than tablets but causes far less nausea and no metallic taste, which many people consider worth the difference.

Bacterial vaginosis treatments are not available over the counter in the UK, though pH self-test kits are.

Stopping or switching

Complete the course, and keep off alcohol for 48 hours afterwards.

Go back if

  • Symptoms do not improve within a few days
  • Bacterial vaginosis recurs, which is common and warrants a different approach rather than repeat courses
  • Numbness or tingling develops in hands or feet

Alternatives

  • Clindamycin cream — for bacterial vaginosis where metronidazole is not tolerated
  • Tinidazole — a single-dose alternative for trichomoniasis

Recurrent bacterial vaginosis

Recurrence is common and frustrating, and repeat antibiotic courses alone rarely solve it. Avoiding douching and scented washes matters, since both disturb the vaginal flora that treatment is trying to restore. Longer suppressive regimens are used where recurrence is frequent.

Common questions

Is the alcohol warning real?

The reaction is reported often enough to take seriously, even though the evidence is more mixed than the warning implies. Avoiding alcohol for a week is easy; the reaction is not pleasant. Follow the advice.

Is this thrush or bacterial vaginosis?

A thin grey discharge with a fishy smell and little itching is usually bacterial vaginosis. Thick white discharge with itching and soreness is usually thrush. They are treated completely differently, which is why the distinction matters more than the discharge itself.

Does my partner need treating?

For trichomoniasis, yes — always. For bacterial vaginosis, male partners do not need treatment; female partners may.

Why does everything taste metallic?

A well-known effect that resolves after the course. The vaginal gel largely avoids it.

Can antibiotics fix my dental abscess?

No — they hold it while you get dental treatment. The tooth is the problem and needs a dentist. Facial swelling, difficulty swallowing or swelling closing the eye needs urgent care.

Dr Mohammad Zubair Khan, GMC-registered private GP and founder of Cheshire Clinics

Clinically reviewed by Dr Mohammad Zubair Khan, GMC 7563469

Last reviewed

August 30, 2026

How it works

What happens when you book

£40 for a 20-minute appointment with a GMC-registered GP, 6am to 10pm, seven days a week. Membership is optional and never required.
Cheshire Clinics online GP appointment booking confirmation on mobile
01

Book your appointment

Pick a time that suits you — 6am to 10pm, seven days a week, including weekends and bank holidays. £40 for 20 minutes, self-pay, with no insurance to arrange.
5–10 minutes
Online video consultation with a GMC-registered private GP
02

Meet your GP

A 20-minute video or phone consultation with a GMC-registered GP — long enough for a proper conversation about your symptoms, your history and what matters to you.
20 minutes
Diagnostic testing plan including blood test panel, ECG and urine screening
03

Tests and referrals, if you need them

Where testing will actually answer the question, we arrange it — blood tests and health screening through our laboratory partner, or a referral for ultrasound, X-ray, CT or MRI through private imaging providers. We will also tell you when a scan is not the right next step.
1–7 days
Personalised results and treatment plan from a private GP consultation
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Results and next steps

Your GP talks you through what the results mean and agrees the next step with you. Every consultation ends with your treatment plan in writing, and any prescription goes to your own pharmacy.
20 minutes
GP follow-up reminder for ongoing care and progress monitoring
05

Ongoing care and follow-up

Follow-up appointments, progress monitoring and ongoing advice — including saying plainly when something needs in-person or NHS care instead.

Ongoing

How we compare

Time to be seen

Appointment length

Your NHS record in the room

Written treatment plan

Told when a test isn’t needed

Cost

Varies by practice

Typically 10 minutes

Yes, your full record

Not routinely

Usually

Free

Same day

Often 10 to 15 minutes

Usually not

Sometimes charged

Varies by provider

Often a subscription

Questions about our service

How quickly can I be seen?

Same-day access is usually available, from 6am to 10pm, seven days a week. You choose a time that suits you rather than waiting on hold at 8am.

Will I see the same doctor each time?

Yes. Care is led personally by Dr Mohammad Khan, so you are not passed between clinicians. Continuity is the point of a small practice: someone who knows your history and is listening attentively rather than working through a checklist.

Can you see my NHS records?

Yes, with your consent. We can access your Summary Care Record during the consultation, so your current medications, allergies and significant history are in the room. That means fewer questions you have already answered elsewhere, and safer prescribing.

Are you trying to replace my NHS GP?

No. We are not here to replace GPs, only to support them. Your NHS practice remains responsible for your ongoing care, and with your consent we write to them after the consultation. We are useful when you need to be seen sooner, or want more time than a standard appointment allows.

What is included in the appointment?

Twenty unhurried minutes and a comprehensive assessment. A written treatment plan is included, along with any prescription, sick note or referral letter arising from the consultation, at no extra charge.

How much does it cost?

£40 for 20 minutes, self-pay. Membership is optional and never required. Priced for fairness, because we are not here to charge extortionate amounts for access to a doctor.

What does “treatable online” actually mean?

It means the diagnosis can usually be made from your history and photographs, and that treatment can be arranged safely without examining you. Where a condition is not marked treatable online, it is because examination is the diagnosis — listening to a chest, feeling an abdomen, examining an ear or a joint — or because a procedure or device is needed.

Can you prescribe antibiotics?

Yes, where there is a genuine bacterial infection — cellulitis, impetigo, bacterial urine infections, confirmed strep throat. We will also frequently tell you that you do not need one. Most sore throats, coughs, colds and earaches are viral, and an antibiotic gives you the side effects with none of the benefit.

What if the GP cannot help with what I need?

If your problem turns out to be genuinely outside what we can do remotely, the doctor will tell you straight away, point you to the right service, and refund your fee in full. We would rather do that than fill twenty minutes to justify the charge.

What should I do in an emergency?

Call 999 or go to A&E — do not book an online appointment and do not wait for a reply to an email. For urgent problems that are not emergencies, NHS 111 is available 24 hours a day, online or by phone, and can direct you to the right service.

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