How long should I wait before testing?
It depends on the infection. Chlamydia and gonorrhoea are generally reliable from around two weeks, HIV is conclusive at 45 days, syphilis at 12 weeks.
Testing too early is the commonest reason a screen misses something, and a negative result inside the window means very little.
Is a urine test enough?
Only if the exposure was vaginal. Urine tests the urethra and nothing else.
If there has been oral or anal sex, throat and rectal swabs are needed — infection at those sites is common, usually symptomless, and completely missed by a urine sample.
Does this screen cover herpes?
The standard screen does not. The broader 14-pathogen panel includes herpes simplex I and II, but we will usually advise against adding it.
Herpes blood testing does not tell you where the virus is, when you acquired it, or whether you will ever get symptoms — and a large proportion of the population tests positive for HSV-1 from cold sores in childhood. It generates distress far more often than it changes management.
If you have a sore or blister now, that is the moment to be seen — swabbing an active lesion is the test that actually answers the question, and it needs an in-person examination.
Does it cover HPV or warts?
No — there is no blood test for either. Warts are diagnosed by examination, and HPV testing in women happens through cervical screening, which is a separate programme.
I have no symptoms. Is testing worth it?
Yes — most STIs cause no symptoms at all.
Untreated chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women silently, and untreated syphilis causes serious problems years later. Absence of symptoms is not absence of infection.
Can you treat it if something is positive?
Chlamydia, yes, in many cases. Gonorrhoea, no.
Gonorrhoea now requires an injection given in a clinic because resistance has made oral treatment unreliable. Syphilis also needs specialist treatment.
All of it is free at NHS sexual health services, and they will treat you faster than we can refer you.
Do I have to tell my partners?
It matters — but you do not have to do it yourself. Sexual health services notify partners anonymously, without naming you.
It is one of the most useful things they do, and one of the least known.
Can a test tell me when I caught it?
No. Nothing in a screen dates an infection or identifies a source.
Chlamydia in particular can be present for years without symptoms, which is worth knowing before drawing conclusions about a current relationship.
How do I prepare?
Do not urinate for at least an hour before giving a urine sample, or the result may be unreliable. No fasting, and no other preparation.
Should I get the HIV test too?
Generally yes. HIV testing alongside is standard practice, and syphilis is rising sharply in the UK.
And if a possible exposure was in the last 72 hours, go to A&E or sexual health today and ask about PEP rather than waiting to test.