I need help now. What do I do?
Do not wait for an appointment.
- 999 or A&E if you are in immediate danger
- 111, mental health option, for urgent advice at any hour
- Samaritans, free on 116 123, any time
- Text SHOUT to 85258 if you would rather not speak
Do I have to take medication?
No, and it is not always the right answer.
For mild to moderate depression and most anxiety disorders, talking therapy works comparably to medication and lasts longer after stopping. In England you can self-refer to NHS Talking Therapies free, without a GP letter.
Medication is genuinely useful for moderate to severe depression, and often best combined with therapy.
Are antidepressants addictive?
No — they do not cause craving or dose escalation, which is what addiction means.
But the body does adjust, and stopping abruptly causes discontinuation symptoms — dizziness, electric-shock sensations, flu-like feelings, vivid dreams. These are real and sometimes considerable, particularly with paroxetine and venlafaxine.
The answer is reducing slowly over weeks to months, not avoiding treatment.
How long before they work?
Some benefit by two to four weeks; full effect at four to six.
Side effects come first, and anxiety can briefly worsen before it improves. That is expected — and it is why most people who stop do so in week two, just before it would have started helping.
How long will I need to stay on them?
Usually at least six months beyond feeling better, and longer after repeated episodes.
Stopping as soon as you feel well is the commonest cause of relapse — feeling well is the treatment working, not evidence it is no longer needed.
Could this be something physical?
Worth checking, and routinely missed. Thyroid disease, iron deficiency, B12 deficiency, sleep apnoea and perimenopause all present as low mood and exhaustion.
Alcohol is a depressant and is very often part of the picture, which is worth being honest about.
Is it depression or burnout?
They overlap considerably and the distinction matters. Burnout is tied to circumstances — it lifts on holiday and returns on Monday; depression generally does not lift.
Burnout sometimes needs the circumstances changed rather than the person treated, and an antidepressant will not fix an untenable job.
Will they change my personality?
They should not, and if they do, that needs reviewing. Some people describe emotional blunting — feeling flattened rather than better — which is a recognised effect and a reason to change dose or drug.
Say so rather than putting up with it. The aim is to feel like yourself, not to feel less.
What about sexual side effects?
Common, under-discussed, and a frequent reason people stop without telling anyone.
Please raise it. Reduced libido, delayed orgasm and erectile difficulty can often be managed by changing dose or switching — and it is far better addressed than endured.
Can I drink while taking them?
A small amount is not dangerous with most — but alcohol is a depressant and works directly against the treatment. It also worsens sleep and increases the sedative effect.
Honest advice: cutting down considerably makes the treatment work better.
Should I take St John's Wort instead?
It has some evidence for mild depression — but it interacts dangerously with several medicines, including hormonal contraception, other antidepressants, warfarin and epilepsy medication.
It causes unintended pregnancies every year. Tell us if you are taking it.