Could my painkillers be causing my headaches?
Very possibly, and it is the most under-recognised thing in headache medicine.
Medication-overuse headache develops from using acute painkillers too often — more than 10 days a month for triptans, codeine and combination painkillers, or 15 days for simple paracetamol or ibuprofen.
It creates a cycle: more headaches, more painkillers, more headaches. It improves when the overused medicine is withdrawn, though it worsens for a week or two first — which is why it needs a plan.
My triptan did not work. Is that it?
Almost certainly not. Three things to check:
- Did you take it early enough? Triptans work best at the first sign. Waiting to see if it becomes a bad one is the commonest reason they fail
- Did you try it across three separate attacks? One failure proves nothing
- Did you try a different one? There are several, and response genuinely varies between them
Adding an anti-sickness medicine also helps, because nausea slows absorption of everything else.
Should I be on a preventer?
Worth discussing if you have attacks on several days a month, or if acute treatment is being used close to the overuse limits.
Success means roughly halving attack frequency, not eliminating migraine — and it takes eight to twelve weeks at an adequate dose to judge. Most people who say preventers did not work stopped at week three.
I get aura and take the combined pill. Does that matter?
Yes, and it is important. Migraine with aura makes the combined pill unsuitable because of stroke risk.
The progestogen-only pill, implant, injection and coils are all fine — see contraception. Please raise it rather than assuming somebody has checked.
When is a headache an emergency?
Call 999 for a sudden severe headache reaching maximum intensity within seconds — that is not a migraine.
Also urgent: headache with fever and neck stiffness or a non-blanching rash; headache after a head injury; new headache with weakness, confusion, slurred speech or visual loss; a first severe headache over 50; or one much worse lying down or on coughing.
What actually triggers migraine?
Less exotic than people expect. Skipped meals, dehydration, disrupted or excess sleep, stress — and the let-down afterwards — hormonal changes and alcohol are the common ones.
"Weekend migraine" is usually a lie-in, a late breakfast and delayed caffeine, not a mystery. A diary reveals your own patterns far better than any list.
Do I need a scan?
Usually not. Migraine is diagnosed on history, and scans in typical migraine are normal and can generate incidental findings that cause anxiety and further tests.
Scanning is warranted where the pattern is atypical or has changed, or where there are neurological signs — and we will say so.
Are my periods causing them?
Very likely, if attacks cluster around them — menstrual migraine is common and frequently missed.
It can be treated with timed treatment around that window or by adjusting contraception, and it often worsens in perimenopause before improving afterwards.
Is there anything for migraine that has failed everything?
Yes, and it is worth knowing about. CGRP inhibitors and Botox for chronic migraine are available on the NHS through neurology, and they are genuinely effective for people who have exhausted the standard options.
Referral is free. Nobody should be told nothing more can be done.
Can you prescribe strong painkillers for a bad attack?
Not opioids — we do not prescribe them remotely under any circumstances, and they are a poor migraine treatment in any case: they work badly and they are among the likeliest to cause medication-overuse headache.
Triptans, anti-sickness medication and properly timed simple painkillers are the better answer, and prevention is better still.