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Metoclopramide

Metoclopramide

Effective for nausea — with a hard five-day limit, because of movement disorders with longer use.

Digestive

Maxolon, metoclopramide hydrochloride

Explained by a GMC-registered GP, not a leaflet

Honest about what we can and cannot prescribe remotely

Side effects given the same weight as benefits

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Clinically reviewed by Dr Mohammad Khan · Last reviewed

September 5, 2026

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Specialist Referrals

What it is

Metoclopramide is an anti-sickness medicine that works in two ways: it blocks dopamine receptors in the part of the brain that triggers vomiting, and it speeds up stomach emptying so the stomach contents move on.

That second action makes it particularly useful where nausea comes from a stomach that is not emptying — gastroparesis, migraine, and after some surgery.

The defining thing about metoclopramide is its five-day limit. Because it blocks dopamine in the brain, it can cause movement disorders — and following a Europe-wide safety review in 2013, its use was restricted to a maximum of five days, at lower doses than were previously common. That restriction is the single most important fact on this page.

What it is used for

  • Nausea and vomiting, including after surgery and with chemotherapy or radiotherapy
  • Migraine — both for the sickness and to help painkillers absorb, since migraine slows stomach emptying
  • Gastroparesis — delayed stomach emptying, often in diabetes
  • Nausea from other medicines

It is not a first choice for ordinary gastroenteritis, where fluids matter more, and it is not for long-term use in reflux.

How to take it

  • Usually 10mg up to three times daily for adults
  • Maximum five days. This is a hard limit, not a guideline
  • Take 30 minutes before meals where it is being used for stomach emptying
  • Can be taken with or without food

Dose reductions

Lower doses are used in young adults under 20, in older people, and in kidney or liver impairment — the risk of movement side effects is higher in the young, and clearance is slower in the old.

For migraine

Take it at the very start of the attack, alongside your painkiller. The point is partly to settle the nausea and partly to get the stomach moving so the painkiller is actually absorbed — which during a migraine it often is not.

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Side effects

Common

  • Drowsiness, fatigue
  • Restlessness
  • Diarrhoea
  • Low blood pressure

The ones the five-day limit exists to prevent

  • Acute dystonic reactions — sudden involuntary muscle spasms, most often of the face, neck, jaw or eyes. Frightening, occasionally painful, and much more common in young people, particularly young women and children. They usually begin within the first day or two and are treatable
  • Akathisia — an intense inner restlessness and inability to keep still, which is genuinely distressing and often mistaken for anxiety
  • Parkinsonism — tremor, stiffness and slowness, more likely in older people and with prolonged use
  • Tardive dyskinesia — involuntary repetitive movements, typically of the face and tongue, which develops with prolonged use and may be permanent. This is the reason the restriction exists

Any new involuntary movement, muscle spasm or severe restlessness means stopping and seeking advice the same day.

Not suitable if

  • You have gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction or perforation
  • You have a phaeochromocytoma
  • You have Parkinson's disease — it blocks dopamine and directly worsens it
  • You have epilepsy — it can lower the seizure threshold
  • You have had tardive dyskinesia from a previous course
  • You are under one year old

Particular care under the age of 20, where dystonic reactions are considerably more common — and in older people, where parkinsonism is.

In pregnancy it has reasonable safety data and is used where needed, though cyclizine or promethazine are often preferred first for morning sickness.

Interactions and monitoring

  • Antipsychotics — both block dopamine, so the risk of movement disorders adds up
  • Levodopa and dopamine agonists — metoclopramide opposes them directly
  • SSRIs such as sertraline — small risk of serotonin syndrome, and additive restlessness
  • Opioids — opposing effects on the gut, and additive drowsiness
  • Digoxin, ciclosporin — absorption altered
  • Alcohol — additive sedation

No routine blood monitoring is needed for a five-day course.

What must be monitored is duration. There is no circumstance in ordinary practice where this should be issued as a repeat prescription, and persistent nausea needing more than five days of treatment needs a diagnosis rather than a longer supply.

Can we prescribe this?

Yes, for short-term nausea and vomiting where the cause is understood — and the emphasis is on both parts of that.

Where it is a good remote prescription: migraine with vomiting, where it is genuinely useful and the five-day course fits the problem; short-term nausea from a known cause.

What matters more than the prescription is establishing what is causing the sickness. Persistent vomiting is a symptom, not a diagnosis, and suppressing it without knowing why is how serious things get missed.

What we will not do: prescribe it beyond five days, issue it on repeat, or prescribe it for undiagnosed persistent vomiting.

What needs urgent in-person assessment: vomiting blood or coffee-ground material, severe abdominal pain, vomiting with severe headache or neck stiffness, dehydration in someone unable to keep fluids down, vomiting with confusion, or persistent vomiting in pregnancy — which can be hyperemesis and needs proper assessment.

This page is information, not an offer to supply.

Cost and supply

Metoclopramide is a cheap generic. A five-day course on a private prescription costs less than the England NHS prescription charge. NHS prescriptions are free in Wales.

What is available without a prescription

  • Cyclizine — available over the counter for travel sickness and nausea, and often a better choice for ordinary nausea since it carries none of the movement-disorder concerns
  • Oral rehydration salts — a few pounds, and for gastroenteritis they matter far more than any anti-sickness tablet
  • Ginger — modest evidence in pregnancy sickness and motion sickness, and harmless

Where paying is justified

Migraine with vomiting, where metoclopramide does something cyclizine does not — it gets the stomach moving so the painkiller is absorbed.

Stopping or switching

Stop at five days. There is no tapering and no ambiguity about this.

Stop immediately and seek advice for

  • Any involuntary muscle spasm — particularly of the face, neck, jaw, tongue or eyes
  • Severe restlessness or inability to keep still
  • New tremor, stiffness or slowness of movement
  • Any repetitive involuntary movement

Acute dystonic reactions are treatable — usually with procyclidine — and resolve. They are frightening rather than dangerous, but they need attention rather than waiting.

If nausea persists beyond five days

The answer is a diagnosis, not a longer course. Persistent vomiting warrants investigation.

Alternatives

  • Cyclizine — over the counter, no movement-disorder risk, good for general nausea and motion sickness
  • Prochlorperazine — including a buccal tablet useful when vomiting, though it shares some dopamine-blocking effects
  • Ondansetron — effective, causes constipation, and needs care with heart rhythm
  • Domperidone — similar gut action with far less brain penetration, so fewer movement effects, but its own cardiac restrictions
  • Promethazine — often used in pregnancy

Common questions

Why only five days?

Because of movement disorders. Metoclopramide blocks dopamine in the brain, and with longer use that can cause tardive dyskinesia — involuntary repetitive movements of the face and tongue — which may be permanent.

A Europe-wide safety review in 2013 restricted it to five days at lower doses. It is a hard limit, not a cautious suggestion.

My face went into spasm. What happened?

An acute dystonic reaction. It is more common in young people, especially young women, and usually starts within the first day or two.

Stop the drug and seek advice the same day. It is treatable and it resolves — but it should be recorded, because it means avoiding this class of drug in future.

Can I take it for morning sickness?

It is used in pregnancy where needed, but usually not first. Cyclizine and promethazine are generally preferred initially. Persistent vomiting in pregnancy needs proper assessment rather than self-treatment.

Can I take it with migraine painkillers?

Yes — that is one of its best uses. Migraine slows the stomach, so painkillers sit there unabsorbed. Metoclopramide gets things moving and settles the sickness at the same time.

Is it addictive?

No. There is no dependence. The restriction is about movement disorders, which is a completely different concern.

Can I have it on repeat for my ongoing nausea?

No, and any service offering that is not prescribing safely. Ongoing nausea needs a cause established. If long-term treatment is genuinely required — gastroparesis, for instance — that is a specialist decision with specialist monitoring.

Can I drink alcohol?

Better not to. Both cause drowsiness, and alcohol will worsen whatever is making you sick.

Dr Mohammad Zubair Khan, GMC-registered private GP and founder of Cheshire Clinics

Clinically reviewed by Dr Mohammad Zubair Khan, GMC 7563469

Last reviewed

September 5, 2026

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