Do I need a blood test to diagnose the menopause?
Usually not. Over 45 with typical symptoms it is diagnosed on history — and hormone levels swing so much week to week that a test can be actively misleading.
Testing genuinely helps under 45, or where the picture is unclear.
Does HRT cause breast cancer?
More nuanced than either headline. Oestrogen-only HRT shows little or no increase; combined HRT carries a small increase that rises with duration and falls again after stopping.
The figures quoted in the press are almost always relative risk, which sounds alarming and tells you nothing about your own position. In absolute terms it is comparable to drinking a couple of units of alcohol daily.
I am in my forties and something is off, but my periods are still regular.
Perimenopause can begin years before periods stop, and the first symptoms are frequently not flushes — they are anxiety that feels unlike you, broken sleep, brain fog, joint aches, palpitations and worsening PMS.
These get attributed to stress, work and motherhood for years. Treatment during perimenopause is entirely appropriate.
I am on HRT but still have dryness and recurrent UTIs.
Because systemic HRT frequently does not resolve local symptoms — one of the most commonly missed things in menopause care.
Vaginal oestrogen is used in addition to HRT. It is a tiny dose, needs no progestogen, does not carry the systemic breast cancer risk, and substantially reduces recurrent UTIs after the menopause. Many women have years of antibiotics without ever being offered it.
My periods are so heavy I plan my life around them.
That is not something to endure, and it is treatable. The hormonal coil, tranexamic acid and other options work well.
And check your ferritin — heavy periods are the commonest cause of iron deficiency in women, and the exhaustion is frequently blamed on everything but the bleeding.
My period pain stops me working. Is that normal?
No — and this is how endometriosis goes undiagnosed for years. The average delay to diagnosis in the UK is measured in years, not months.
Pain severe enough to take days off, pain during sex, or pain with bowel or bladder symptoms warrants proper assessment and referral, not another packet of ibuprofen.
Could my exhaustion be something other than hormones?
Very possibly, and it is worth excluding rather than assuming. Iron deficiency, thyroid disease, B12 deficiency, coeliac disease, sleep apnoea — badly under-diagnosed in women — depression, and undiagnosed ADHD all present this way.
ADHD in particular frequently becomes unmanageable in perimenopause as oestrogen falls, and is diagnosed late in women for exactly that reason.
Does HRT work as contraception?
No, and this catches people out. Pregnancy remains possible in perimenopause.
Contraception is generally advised until 55, or for two years after the last period under 50 and one year over 50.
What about "bioidentical" hormones?
Two different things share that name. Regulated body-identical HRT — micronised progesterone and oestradiol — is standard and is what we prescribe.
Compounded "bioidentical" preparations from private clinics are unregulated, not quality-assured, and not recommended by the British Menopause Society or the RCOG. They are usually expensive and often sold alongside unnecessary hormone testing.
Can you do my smear?
No — cervical screening requires an in-person appointment, and it is free on the NHS.
Please keep attending. Uptake has fallen, and attendance is the thing that determines whether screening saves lives. If something about it is difficult — pain, anxiety, a past experience — say so; adjustments can be made and it is a conversation worth having.