When is a headache an emergency?
Call 999 for a sudden severe headache reaching maximum intensity within seconds. That is not a migraine.
Also urgent: headache with fever and neck stiffness or a non-blanching rash; after a head injury; with weakness, confusion, slurred speech or visual loss; a first severe headache over 50; or one much worse lying down or on coughing.
Could my painkillers be causing my headaches?
Very possibly — it is the most under-recognised thing in headache medicine.
More than 10 days a month for triptans, codeine or combination painkillers, or 15 for simple painkillers, causes medication-overuse headache. It creates a cycle: more headaches, more painkillers, more headaches.
My triptan did not work.
Three things to check before concluding that. Did you take it early enough? Triptans work best at the first sign, and waiting to see whether it becomes a bad one is the commonest reason they fail. Did you try it across three separate attacks? Did you try a different one? There are several, and response genuinely varies.
Should I be on a preventer?
Worth discussing if you have attacks on several days a month, or if acute treatment is close to the overuse limits.
Success means roughly halving attack frequency, not eliminating migraine — and it takes eight to twelve weeks at an adequate dose to judge. Most people who say preventers did not work stopped at week three.
I get aura and take the combined pill.
That matters, and it is worth raising rather than assuming somebody has checked. Migraine with aura makes the combined pill unsuitable because of stroke risk.
The progestogen-only pill, implant, injection and coils are all fine.
Do I need a brain scan?
Usually not. Migraine is diagnosed on history, scans in typical migraine are normal, and incidental findings cause anxiety and further tests.
Scanning is warranted where the pattern is atypical or has changed, or where there are neurological signs.
My symptoms went away after ten minutes. Do I still need to be seen?
Yes, urgently — 999. Weakness, numbness, speech difficulty or visual loss that resolves is a TIA, and it is a warning of imminent stroke.
The risk is highest in the days immediately afterwards, which is exactly when people are most inclined to wait and see. Do not.
What causes dizziness?
The word covers several quite different things, and which one you mean changes everything.
Room-spinning vertigo — often inner ear, and benign positional vertigo is treated by a physical manoeuvre that works remarkably well and cannot be done over video. Light-headedness on standing — often blood pressure, medication, dehydration or anaemia. Unsteadiness — which needs neurological assessment.
Are my periods causing my migraines?
Very likely if attacks cluster around them — menstrual migraine is common and frequently missed.
It can be treated with timed treatment around that window or by adjusting contraception, and it often worsens in perimenopause before improving afterwards.
Is there anything left if everything has failed?
Yes. CGRP inhibitors and Botox for chronic migraine are available on the NHS through neurology and are genuinely effective for people who have exhausted the standard options.
Referral is free. Nobody should be told nothing more can be done.