How do I know they are still there?
You have to find a living, moving louse. Nits — the pale empty shells — remain glued to the hair for months after successful treatment.
Treating on the basis of nits alone is the commonest mistake, and it means repeated treatment for an infestation that has already gone.
Do I need to treat the whole family?
No. Check everyone by combing, and treat only those with live lice.
Treating people who do not have them wastes money and achieves nothing.
Do I need to wash all the bedding?
No, and this is where most of the effort is wasted. Lice die within about a day away from a scalp.
No hot washes, no bagging toys, no spraying furniture — none of it changes the outcome.
Can my child go to school?
Yes. Exclusion is not recommended and does not reduce spread.
Tell the school so other parents can check, but there is no need to keep them home.
Does it mean their hair is dirty?
No, and it is worth saying clearly. Lice are spread by head-to-head contact and are entirely unrelated to hygiene.
Clean hair is no protection whatsoever.
The treatment did not work — are they resistant?
Usually not. Failure is almost always one of three things: only one dose was applied, too little lotion was used for the hair length, or nits were mistaken for live lice.
If you used a traditional insecticide, resistance is possible — switch to dimeticone, which works physically and cannot be resisted.
Do I really need a second dose?
Yes, seven days later, every time. No treatment reliably kills every egg, and the second dose kills what hatches afterwards.
Missing it is the single most common cause of apparent treatment failure.
Is wet combing as good as lotion?
Done properly it works, and it is free. The schedule matters — days 1, 5, 9 and 13, then a check on day 17.
It fails when sessions are skipped or rushed, not because the method is weak.
Should I use a repellent spray?
There is no good evidence they work. Regular detection combing is more useful and costs nothing.