Do I need to prepare?
It depends entirely on the region, and getting it wrong means repeating the scan.
Abdominal scan: nothing to eat for 6 hours beforehand, because a gallbladder full of food contracts and hides stones.
Pelvic scan: a full bladder — usually about a litre of water an hour before, and do not empty it. Uncomfortable, but it is what makes the pelvis visible.
Most other scans need no preparation at all.
Is ultrasound safe?
Yes — no radiation, and it is safe in pregnancy. That is why it is the first-line scan for so many questions.
Does it hurt?
No. Cold gel and firm pressure with the probe, which can be uncomfortable over a tender area but is not painful.
What is a transvaginal scan and can I decline it?
An internal probe giving much better views of the uterus and ovaries than a scan through the abdomen.
You can absolutely decline it, and you can ask for a chaperone — that is your right, and any unit will arrange it. An external scan will be done instead, with the caveat that the views are less detailed.
They found gallstones. Do I need surgery?
Not automatically. Gallstones are found in a large proportion of adults and most never cause a problem.
They are treated when they cause symptoms — pain after fatty meals, or complications. Stones found incidentally on a scan for something else are usually left alone.
They found an ovarian cyst. Is that serious?
Usually not at all. Simple cysts are part of a normal menstrual cycle and most resolve without any treatment.
Size, appearance and whether you are past menopause are what determine whether anything needs doing. Most need only a repeat scan, or nothing.
Can ultrasound tell if something is cancer?
No — it can raise or lower suspicion, but only a biopsy establishes it.
Certain appearances are reassuring and others prompt further investigation, and that is what the report is describing.
Can you scan my whole body?
Not usefully, and we would not arrange it.
Whole-body screening ultrasound in someone with no symptoms produces incidental findings at a high rate and very rarely finds anything important. Each finding then needs chasing.
Is a private pregnancy scan the same as an NHS one?
No. NHS pregnancy scans are free, and they are the ones connected to your maternity care.
Private reassurance and gender scans are not medical scans and do not replace the NHS ones — which is worth being clear about before paying for either.