Prolapse
The slipping or displacement of an organ or tissue from its normal position.
What it means
Prolapse is the descent of an organ or tissue from its usual anatomical position, through weakness of the structures that normally support it.
Common forms include pelvic organ prolapse, in which the bladder, womb or rectum descends into or through the vagina; rectal prolapse; and prolapse of an intervertebral disc, in which disc material displaces backwards and may press on a nerve.
Pelvic organ prolapse is common, particularly after vaginal childbirth and after the menopause, and is substantially under-reported.
In practice
Graded by degree of descent. A "prolapsed disc" is the accurate term for what is colloquially called a slipped disc — discs do not slip.
Haemorrhoids are also described as prolapsing when they descend through the anal canal.
Why it matters
Supervised pelvic floor muscle training is effective first-line treatment for mild to moderate pelvic organ prolapse and is available on the NHS. Vaginal pessaries and surgery are options where it is not sufficient.
Most prolapsed spinal discs improve without surgery over weeks to months. Numbness in the saddle area, or difficulty passing urine, is an emergency.
Clinically reviewed by Dr Mohammad Zubair Khan, GMC 7563469
Last reviewed
August 30, 2026