Histology
The microscopic study of tissue, and the report produced from examining a biopsy.
What it means
Histology is the examination of tissue under a microscope, and by extension the report a pathologist produces from a biopsy or surgical specimen.
Tissue is preserved, thinly sliced, stained and examined. Additional stains and molecular tests may follow, which is why some reports take longer than others.
The histology report is the definitive answer for most lumps and lesions — it establishes whether something is benign or malignant, what type it is, and how aggressive it appears.
In practice
Cytology examines individual cells rather than intact tissue — cervical screening is a cytology test.
Reports name the grade (how abnormal the cells look) and, for cancers, whether the margins of the specimen are clear of tumour.
Why it matters
Histology results are usually available in one to two weeks. A longer wait more often reflects additional tests being run than bad news, though the wait is difficult regardless.
We can review and explain a histology report as part of a results interpretation consultation. We cannot alter it, and where it recommends specialist follow-up, that follow-up is what matters.
Clinically reviewed by Dr Mohammad Zubair Khan, GMC 7563469
Last reviewed
August 30, 2026